Spinal Deformities: Scoliosis

The spine is composed of 24 separate bones: 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, sacrum and coccyx. Its main functions are to help carry the weight of the body, balance it and absorb the shock of human walking. Congenital deformities of the spine are one of the most interesting and controversial problems of the orthopedic surgery. They represent an abnormal curvature of the spine. Physical therapy plays an important role in these types of conditions because they have the task of helping the patient regain his position.

The posture of the human being is extremely important for the functioning of our vertebrae. Three conditions exist that affect posture: the cirdosis, lordosis and scoliosis. This last condition is a lateral curve of the spine caused by the abnormal development of the vertebral bodies. Scoliosis occurs during the first six weeks of intrauterine life but it is developing with time (in some cases it never develops). It is very important the early detection of this condition to prevent deterioration.

The diagnosis plays a decisive role in the physical therapy treatment of scoliosis. Scoliosis should certainly be diagnosed by radiographic analysis, have an X-ray can be useful to achieve more easily the objectives of physiotherapy. During the diagnosis, it is important to undress the patient for clinical examination. From several studies, scoliosis is classified between structural and non-structural (no vertebral rotation).

Physical therapy does not correct the curves, but improves respiratory function and muscle and is recommended for psychological reasons. Treatment varies according to the severity and type of scoliosis that presents the patient. It consists of: analgesics, rest, physical therapy, use of belts or brace, and, in some cases, when no improvements occur, surgery is needed. The objectives of outpatient physical therapy comprising various facets. The program consists of a few excersises (two to three) that the patient can then learn and practice at home.

In conclusion, the deformations of the spine are conditions that implement different physiotherapy and orthopedic techniques. These are necessary before, during and after treatment for many faster results.

Bibliography:

Huaroto Rosa-Perez, Julio. "Enfermedades Congenitas e Ideopaticas de la Columna Vertebral." "Cirugia Ortopedica y Traumatologia" (n.d.): 267-274.

J. A. Martin Benlloch and M. Laguia Garzaran. "Deformidades congénitas de la columna vertebral ." "REVISTA ESPAÑOLA DE CIRUGÍA OSTEOARTICULAR" Vol. 28.No. 164 (1993): 101-114.

M.A. Diez Ulloa. "Patología de la columna: prevención y tratamiento." "BOLETÍN DE LA SOCIEDAD DE PEDIATRÍA DE ASTURIAS, CANTABRIA, CASTILLA Y LEÓN" (2007): 53-58.